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LT1007/LT1037 Low Noise, High Speed Precision Operational Amplifiers
FEATURES
s s s s s s s s s
DESCRIPTION
The LT (R)1007/LT1037 series features the lowest noise performance available to date for monolithic operational amplifiers: 2.5nV/Hz wideband noise (less than the noise of a 400 resistor), 1/f corner frequency of 2Hz and 60nV peakto-peak 0.1Hz to 10Hz noise. Low noise is combined with outstanding precision and speed specifications: 10V offset voltage, 0.2V/C drift, 130dB common mode and power supply rejection, and 60MHz gain bandwidth product on the decompensated LT1037, which is stable for closed-loop gains of 5 or greater. The voltage gain of the LT1007/LT1037 is an extremely high 20 million driving a 2k load and 12 million driving a 600 load to 10V. In the design, processing and testing of the device, particular attention has been paid to the optimization of the entire distribution of several key parameters. Consequently, the specifications of even the lowest cost grades (the LT1007C and the LT1037C) have been spectacularly improved compared to equivalent grades of competing amplifiers. The sine wave generator application shown below utilizes the low noise and low distortion characteristics of the LT1037.
Guaranteed 4.5nV/Hz 10Hz Noise Guaranteed 3.8nV/Hz 1kHz Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise, 60nVP-P Typical Guaranteed 7 Million Min Voltage Gain, RL = 2k Guaranteed 3 Million Min Voltage Gain, RL = 600 Guaranteed 25V Max Offset Voltage Guaranteed 0.6V/C Max Drift with Temperature Guaranteed 11V/s Min Slew Rate (LT1037) Guaranteed 117dB Min CMRR
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s
Low Noise Signal Processing Microvolt Accuracy Threshold Detection Strain Gauge Amplifiers Direct Coupled Audio Gain Stages Sine Wave Generators Tape Head Preamplifiers Microphone Preamplifiers
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Ultrapure 1kHz Sine Wave Generator
430
LT1037
6
OUTPUT C 1 2RC R = 1591.5 0.1% C = 0.1F 0.1% f=
#327 LAMP
C
R
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION = < 0.0025% NOISE = < 0.0001% AMPLITUDE = 8V OUTPUT FREQUENCY = 1.000kHz FOR VALUES GIVEN 0.4%
1007/37 TA01
+
3
R
VOLTAGE NOISE (20nV/DIV)
-
2
0
U
2
U
U
0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise
4 6 TIME (SEC)
8
10
1007/37 TA02
1
LT1007/LT1037
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ...................................................... 22V Input Voltage ............................ Equal to Supply Voltage Output Short-Circuit Duration .......................... Indefinite Differential Input Current (Note 8) ..................... 25mA Storage Temperature Range ................. - 65C to 150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)................. 300C Operating Temperature Range LT1007/LT1037AC, C ............................. 0C to 70C LT1007/LT1037I ............................... - 40C to 85C LT1007/LT1037AM, M ..................... - 55C to 125C
PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
TOP VIEW VOS TRIM 1 -IN 2 +IN 3 V- 4 J8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD CERDIP VOS 8 TRIM
VOS TRIM 1 -IN 2 +IN 3 TOP VIEW VOS TRIM 8 7 V+ 6 OUT 5 NC 4
7 6 5
NC
V- 4
N8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PDIP
TJMAX = 150C, JA = 100C/ W (J8) TJMAX = 100C, JA = 130C/ W (N8)
V - (CASE) H PACKAGE 8-LEAD TO-5 METAL CAN
TJMAX = 150C, JA = 150C/ W, JC = 45C/ W
S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC SO
TJMAX = 150C, JA = 190C/ W
ORDER PART NUMBER LT1007ACJ8 LT1007ACN8 LT1007AMJ8 LT1007CJ8 LT1007CN8 LT1007IN8 LT1007MJ8 LT1037ACJ8 LT1037ACN8 LT1037AMJ8 LT1037CJ8 LT1037CN8 LT1037IN8 LT1037MJ8
ORDER PART NUMBER LT1007ACH LT1007AMH LT1007CH LT1007MH LT1037ACH LT1037AMH LT1037CH LT1037MH
ORDER PART NUMBER LT1007CS8 LT1007IS8 LT1037CS8 LT1037IS8
S8 PART MARKING 1007 1007I 1037 1037I
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL VOS VOS Time IOS IB en PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Long Term Input Offset Voltage Stability Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Noise Voltage Input Noise Voltage Density in Input Noise Current Density CONDITIONS (Note 1) (Notes 2, 3)
VS = 15V, TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.
LT1007AC/AM LT1037AC/AM MIN TYP MAX 10 0.2 7 10 25 1.0 30 35 0.13 4.5 3.8 4.0 0.6 LT1007C/I/M LT1037C/I/M MIN TYP MAX 20 0.2 12 15 0.06 2.8 2.5 1.5 0.4 60 1.0 50 55 0.13 4.5 3.8 4.0 0.6
0.1Hz to 10Hz (Notes 3, 5) fO = 10Hz (Notes 3, 4) fO = 1000Hz (Note 3) fO = 10Hz (Notes 3, 6) fO = 1000Hz (Notes 3, 6)
0.06 2.8 2.5 1.5 0.4
2
+
OUT
- +
+IN 3
-
- +
V+
U
U
W
WW U
W
TOP VIEW VOS 1 TRIM -IN 2 8 VOS TRIM
7 V+ 6 OUT 5 NC
UNITS V V/Mo nA nA VP-P nV/Hz nV/Hz pA/Hz pA/Hz
LT1007/LT1037
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL PARAMETER Input Resistance, Common Mode Input Voltage Range CMRR PSRR AVOL Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain VCM = 11V VS = 4V to 18V RL 2k, VO = 12V RL 1k, VO = 10V RL 600, VO = 10V RL 2k RL 600 RL 2k AVCL 5 fO = 100kHz (Note 7) fO = 10kHz (Note 7) (AVCL 5) VO = 0V, IO = 0 11.0 117 110 7.0 5.0 3.0 13.0 11.0 1.7 11 5.0 45 CONDITIONS
VS = 15V, TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.
LT1007AC/AM LT1037AC/AM MIN TYP MAX 7 12.5 130 130 20.0 16.0 12.0 13.8 12.5 2.5 15 8.0 60 70 80 80 120 130 11.0 110 106 5.0 3.5 2.0 12.5 10.5 1.7 11 5.0 45 LT1007C/I/M LT1037C/I/M MIN TYP MAX 5 12.5 126 126 20.0 16.0 12.0 13.5 12.5 2.5 15 8.0 60 70 80 85 140 140
UNITS G V dB dB V/V V/V V/V V V V/s V/s MHz MHz mW mW
VOUT SR GBW ZO PD
Maximum Output Voltage Swing Slew Rate Gain Bandwidth Product Power Dissipation LT1007 LT1037 LT1007 LT1037 LT1007 LT1037
Open-Loop Output Resistance
VS = 15V, 0C TA 70C, unless otherwise noted.
LT1007AC LT1037AC MIN TYP MAX
q q q q q
SYMBOL VOS VOS Temp IOS IB CMRR PSRR AVOL VOUT PD
PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Average Input Offset Drift Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Voltage Range Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain Maximum Output Voltage Swing Power Dissipation
CONDITIONS (Note 1) (Note 9)
LT1007C LT1037C MIN TYP MAX 35 0.3 15 20 10.5 106 102 2.5 2.0 12.0 11.8 120 120 18.0 14.0 13.6 90 160 110 1.0 70 75
UNITS V V/C nA nA V dB dB V/V V/V V mW
20 0.2 10 14 10.5 114 106 4.0 2.5 12.5 11.8 126 126 18.0 14.0 13.6 90
50 0.6 40 45
VCM = 10.5V VS = 4.5V to 18V RL 2k, VO = 10V RL 1k, VO = 10V RL 2k
q q q q q q
144
3
LT1007/LT1037
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL VOS VOS Temp IOS IB CMRR PSRR AVOL VOUT PD PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Average Input Offset Drift Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Voltage Range Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain Maximum Output Voltage Swing Power Dissipation VCM = 10.5V VS = 4.5V to 18V RL 2k, VO = 10V RL 1k, VO = 10V RL 2k
VS = 15V, - 40C TA 85C, unless otherwise noted.
LT1007I/LT1037I MIN TYP MAX
q q q q q q q q q q q
CONDITIONS (Note 1) (Note 9)
UNITS V V/C nA nA V dB dB V/V V/V V
40 0.3 20 25 10 105 101 2.0 1.5 12.0 11.7 120 120 15.0 12.0 13.6 95
125 1.0 80 90
165
mW
VS = 15V, - 55C TA 125C, unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL VOS VOS Temp IOS IB CMRR PSRR AVOL VOUT PD PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Average Input Offset Drift Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Voltage Range Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain Maximum Output Voltage Swing Power Dissipation VCM = 10.3V VS = 4.5V to 18V RL 2k, VO = 10V RL 1k, VO = 10V RL 2k CONDITIONS (Note 1) (Note 9)
q q q q q q q q q q q
LT1007AM/LT1037AM MIN TYP MAX 25 0.2 15 20 10.3 112 104 3.0 2.0 12.5 11.5 126 126 14.0 10.0 13.5 100 150 60 0.6 50 60
LT1007M/LT1037M MIN TYP MAX 50 0.3 20 35 10.3 104 100 2.0 1.5 12.0 11.5 120 120 14.0 10.0 13.5 100 170 160 1.0 85 95
UNITS V V/C nA nA V dB dB V/V V/V V mW
The q denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range. For MIL-STD components, please refer to LTC 883C data sheet for test listing and parameters. Note 1: Input Offset Voltage measurements are performed by automatic test equipment approximately 0.5 seconds after application of power. AM and AC grades are guaranteed fully warmed up. Note 2: Long Term Input Offset Voltage Stability refers to the average trend line of Offset Voltage vs Time over extended periods after the first 30 days of operation. Excluding the initial hour of operation, changes in VOS during the first 30 days are typically 2.5V. Refer to typical performance curve. Note 3: This parameter is tested on a sample basis only.
Note 4: 10Hz noise voltage density is sample tested on every lot. Devices 100% tested at 10Hz are available on request. Note 5: See the test circuit and frequency response curve for 0.1Hz to 10Hz tester in the Applications Information section. Note 6: See the test circuit for current noise measurement in the Applications Information section. Note 7: This parameter is guaranteed by design and is not tested. Note 8: The inputs are protected by back-to-back diodes. Current limiting resistors are not used in order to achieve low noise. If differential input voltage exceeds 0.7V, the input current should be limited to 25mA. Note 9: The Average Input Offset Drift performance is within the specifications unnulled or when nulled with a pot having a range of 8k to 20k.
4
LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
10Hz Voltage Noise Distribution
140 120 NUMBER OF UNITS 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 789 456 23 VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/Hz) 10
RMS VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/Hz)
VS = 15V TA = 25C 497 UNITS MEASURED FROM SIX RUNS
0.01Hz to 1Hz Peak-to-Peak Noise
1000
R SOURCE RESISTANCE = 2R
RMS VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/Hz)
TOTAL NOISE DENSITY (nV/Hz)
VOLTAGE NOISE (20nV/DIV)
0
20
40 60 TIME (SEC)
Current Noise vs Frequency
10
RMS VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/Hz)
RMS NOISE DENSITY (pA/Hz)
3 MAXIMUM 1
RMS VOLTAGE NOISE (V)
0.3
1/f CORNER = 120Hz
TYPICAL
0.1 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k
1007/37 G07
UW
1007/37 G01
Voltage Noise vs Frequency
100 VS = 15V TA = 25C 30
0.02Hz to 10Hz RMS Noise. Gain = 50,000 (Measured on HP3582 Spectrum Analyzer)
10 MAXIMUM 3 1/f CORNER = 2Hz 1 0.1 1 TYPICAL
179V/Hz nV = 3.59 50,000 Hz
1007/37 G03
10 100 FREQUENCY (Hz)
1000
1007/37 G02
MARKER AT 2Hz ( = 1/f CORNER) =
Total Noise vs Source Resistance
5
R
Voltage Noise vs Temperature
VS = 15V 4 AT 10Hz 3 AT 1kHz 2
VS = 15V TA = 25C
100
AT 1kHz AT 10Hz
10 RESISTOR NOISE ONLY 1 0.1 1 10 SOURCE RESISTANCE (k) 100
1007/37 G05
1
80
100
1007/37 G04
0 -50
-25
50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1007/37 G06
Wideband Voltage Noise (0.1Hz to Frequency Indicated)
10
Voltage Noise vs Supply Voltage
5 TA = 25C 4
1
3
AT 10Hz AT 1kHz
2
0.1
1
0.01 0.1 1 10 BANDWIDTH (kHz) 100
1007/37 G08
0
0
5
15 20 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
25
1007/37 G09
5
LT1007/LT1037
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage Gain vs Frequency
180
OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (V/V)
160 140
VS = 15V TA = 25C RL = 2k
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz)
1007/37 G10
LT1007
LT1037
Voltage Gain vs Load Resistance
25
OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (V/V)
20
20
RL = 2k RL = 1k RL = 600
CHANGE IN OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
VS = 15V TA = 25C
VOLTAGE GAIN (V/V)
15
10
5
0 0.1
1 0.3 3 LOAD RESISTANCE (k)
Long Term Stability of Four Representative Units
10
OFFSET VOLTAGE CHANGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
5
0.2V/MONTH 0
-5 0.2V/MONTH TREND LINE -10 0 2 6 4 TIME (MONTHS) 8 10
1007/37 G16
6
UW
1007/37 G13
Voltage Gain vs Supply Voltage
25 TA = 25C 20 RL = 2k
-1
Voltage Gain, RL = 2k and 600
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0 1
15
RL = 2k -1 0 RL = 600 1
RL = 600
10
5
VS = 15V TA = 25C
0 0 5 15 20 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 25
1007/37 G11
-5 0 5 10 15 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) MEASURED ON TEKTRONIX 178 LINEAR IC TESTER
1007/37 G12
-15
-10
Voltage Gain vs Temperature
25
10
Warm-Up Drift
VS = 15V TA = 25C 8
15
6 METAL CAN (H) PACKAGE 4 DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE PLASTIC (N8) OR CERDIP (J8)
10 VS = 15V VOUT = 10V VOUT = 8V FOR TA 100C AND RL = 600 -25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 125
5
2
10
0 -50
0 0 1 3 4 2 TIME AFTER POWER ON (MINUTES) 5
1007/37 G14
1007/37 G15
Offset Voltage Drift with Temperature of Representative Units
50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -50 VS = 15V LT1007/LT1037 LT1007A/LT1037A
Supply Current vs Supply Voltage
4
3
125C 25C
2
-55C
1
0
-25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 125
0
10 5 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
20
1007/37 G18
1007/37 G17
LT1007/LT1037
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Common Mode Rejection vs Frequency
140
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (dB)
COMMON MODE LIMIT (V) REFERRED TO POWER SUPPLY
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
120
VS = 15V VCM = 10V TA = 25C
100 LT1007 80 LT1037
60
40 103
104
105 106 FREQUENCY (Hz)
Input Bias Current vs Temperature
50
VS = 15V
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT (nA)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
40
40 30 20 10 LT1007AM LT1037AM 0 25 50 75 -75 -50 -25 0 TEMPERATURE (C) LT1007M LT1037M
OUTPUT SWING (V)
30 LT1007M LT1037M
20
10 LT1007AM LT1037AM 0 -50 -25 25 50 75 0 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 125
1007/37 G22
PSRR vs Frequency
160
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 10 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 FREQUENCY (Hz)
1195 G25
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA) SINKING SOURCING
TA = 25C OUTPUT IMPEDANCE () 10
NEGATIVE SUPPLY POSITIVE SUPPLY
UW
1007/37 G19
Common Mode Limit vs Temperature
V+ -1 -2 -3 -4 V + = 3V TO 20V
20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15
Input Bias Current Over the Common Mode Range
DEVICE WITH POSITIVE INPUT CURRENT
VS = 15V TA = 25C
RCM =
20V 7G 3nA
+4 +3 +2 +1 V - = -3V TO -20V
DEVICE WITH NEGATIVE INPUT CURRENT
107
V
-
-50
-25
50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
-20 -15
10 -5 0 5 -10 COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
15
1007/37 G20
1007/37 G21
Input Offset Current vs Temperature
60 VS = 15V 50
Output Swing vs Load Resistance
15
12
POSITIVE SWING NEGATIVE SWING
9
6
3
VS = 15V TA = 25C 300 3k 1k LOAD RESISTANCE () 10k
1007/37 G24
100 125
1007/37 G23
0 100
Closed-Loop Output Impedance
100 VS = 15V TA = 25C IOUT = 1mA AV = 1000 1 AV = 1000
Output Short-Circuit Current vs Time
50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 2 0 1 3 TIME FROM OUTPUT SHORT TO GROUND (MINUTES)
1007/37 G27
- 55C 25C 125C VS = 15V 125C 25C - 55C
0.1
AV = 1
AV = 5
0.01 LT1007 LT1037 0.001 10 100 10k 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M
1007/37 G26
7
LT1007/LT1037
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1037 Small-Signal Transient Response LT1037 Large-Signal Response
PHASE MARGIN (DEG)
50mV 0V - 50mV
SLEW RATE (V/s)
AVCL = 5 VS = 15V CL = 15pF
LT1037 Gain, Phase Shift vs Frequency
50 90 VS = 15V 100 TA = 25C CL = 100pF 110 40
100 110 120
SLEW RATE (V/s) PHASE MARGIN (DEG)
40
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
30
PHASE
20 AV = 5 10
GAIN
0 0.1
1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz)
LT1007 Small-Signal Transient Response
PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
50mV 0V - 50mV
AVCL = 1 VS = 15V CL = 15pF
8
UW
1007/37 G28
1007/37 G31
LT1037 Phase Margin, Gain Bandwidth Product, Slew Rate vs Temperature
70 VS = 15V CL = 100pF 60 PHASE MARGIN 50 60 GBW 20 50 15 SLEW 70
GAIN BANDWIDTH PROCUCT, fO = 10kHz (MHz)
10V 0V - 10V
AVCL = 5 VS = 15V
1007/37 G29
10 -50
-25
50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1007/37 G30
LT1007 Gain, Phase Shift vs Frequency
90 VS = 15V TA = 25C CL = 100pF
LT1007 Phase Margin, Gain Bandwidth Product, Slew Rate vs Temperature
70 VS = 15V CL = 100pF 60 PHASE MARGIN 50 GBW 3 SLEW 2 7 8 9 GAIN BANDWIDTH PROCUCT, fO = 100kHz (MHz)
30
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 100
PHASE SHIFT (DEG)
PHASE SHIFT (DEG)
20
130 PHASE 140 GAIN 150 160
10
0
170 180
-10 0.1
1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz)
190 100
1007/37 G32
1 -50
-25
50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1007/37 G33
LT1007 Large-Signal Response
28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0
Maximum Undistorted Output vs Frequency
VS = 15V TA = 25C
5V 0V - 5V
LT1007
LT1037
AVCL = - 1 VS = 15V
1007/37 G34
1007/37 G35
1k
10k
100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz)
10M
1007/37 G36
LT1007/LT1037
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
General The LT1007/LT1037 series devices may be inserted directly into OP-07, OP-27, OP-37 and 5534 sockets with or without removal of external compensation or nulling components. In addition, the LT1007/LT1037 may be fitted to 741 sockets with the removal or modification of external nulling components. Offset Voltage Adjustment The input offset voltage of the LT1007/LT1037 and its drift with temperature, are permanently trimmed at wafer testing to a low level. However, if further adjustment of VOS is necessary, the use of a 10k nulling potentiometer will not degrade drift with temperature. Trimming to a value other than zero creates a drift of (VOS / 300)V/C, e.g., if VOS is adjusted to 300V, the change in drift will be 1V/C (Figure 1). The adjustment range with a 10k pot is approximately 2.5mV. If less adjustment range is needed, the sensitivity and resolution of the nulling can be improved by using a smaller pot in conjunction with fixed resistors. The example has an approximate null range of 200V (Figure 2).
10k 15V 1
50k* -15V
Figure 3. Test Circuit for Offset Voltage and Offset Voltage Drift with Temperature
Unity-Gain Buffer Application (LT1007 Only) When RF 100 and the input is driven with a fast, largesignal pulse (>1V), the output waveform will look as shown in the pulsed operation diagram (Figure 4). During the fast feedthrough-like portion of the output, the input protection diodes effectively short the output to the input and a current, limited only by the output short-circuit protection, will be drawn by the signal generator. With RF 500, the output is capable of handling the current requirements (IL 20mA at 10V) and the amplifier stays in its active mode and a smooth transition will occur.
RF
INPUT 3
Figure 1. Standard Adjustment
1k 15V 4.7k 4.7k 1
OUTPUT
-15V
1007/37 F02
Figure 2. Improved Sensitivity Adjustment
+
+
3
4
-
-
2
+
-
2
8 7 6 OUTPUT
LT1007 LT1037 4
-15V
1007/37 F01
8 76
LT1007 LT1037
LT1007
1007/37 F04
Figure 4. Pulsed Operation
+
100* 3
-
U
W
U
U
Offset Voltage and Drift Thermocouple effects, caused by temperature gradients across dissimilar metals at the contacts to the input terminals, can exceed the inherent drift of the amplifier unless proper care is exercised. Air currents should be minimized, package leads should be short, the two input leads should be close together and maintained at the same temperature. The circuit shown to measure offset voltage is also used as the burn-in configuration for the LT1007/LT1037, with the supply voltages increased to 20V (Figure 3).
50k* 15V 2 7 6 VOUT
LT1007 LT1037 4
VOUT = 1000VOS *RESISTORS MUST HAVE LOW THERMOELECTRIC POTENTIAL
1007/37 F03
2.8V/s OUTPUT
9
LT1007/LT1037
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
As with all operational amplifiers when RF > 2k, a pole will be created with RF and the amplifier's input capacitance, creating additional phase shift and reducing the phase margin. A small capacitor (20pF to 50pF) in parallel with RF will eliminate this problem. Noise Testing The 0.1Hz to 10Hz peak-to-peak noise of the LT1007/ LT1037 is measured in the test circuit shown (Figure 5a). The frequency response of this noise tester (Figure 5b) indicates that the 0.1Hz corner is defined by only one zero. The test time to measure 0.1Hz to 10Hz noise should not exceed ten seconds, as this time limit acts as an additional zero to eliminate noise contributions from the frequency band below 0.1Hz. Measuring the typical 60nV peak-to-peak noise performance of the LT1007/LT1037 requires special test precautions: 1. The device should be warmed up for at least five minutes. As the op amp warms up, its offset voltage changes typically 3V due to its chip temperature increasing 10C to 20C from the moment the power supplies are turned on. In the ten-second measurement interval these temperature-induced effects can easily exceed tens of nanovolts. 2. For similar reasons, the device must be well shielded from air currents to eliminate the possibility of thermo0.1F
100
Figure 6
100k 10
90 80
* LT1007 LT1037
GAIN (dB)
2k
+
4.7F LT1001
70 60 50 40
4.3k
22F
-
VOLTAGE GAIN = 50,000 *DEVICE UNDER TEST NOTE: ALL CAPACITOR VALUES ARE FOR NONPOLARIZED CAPACITORS ONLY 24.3k 100k 0.1F
SCOPE x1 RIN = 1M 110k
2.2F
1007/37 F05a
30 0.01
Figure 5a. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise Test Circuit
Figure 5b. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Peak-toPeak Noise Tester Frequency Response
10
+
500k
-
U
W
U
U
electric effects in excess of a few nanovolts, which would invalidate the measurements. 3. Sudden motion in the vicinity of the device can also "feedthrough" to increase the observed noise. A noise voltage density test is recommended when measuring noise on a large number of units. A 10Hz noise voltage density measurement will correlate well with a 0.1Hz to 10Hz peak-to-peak noise reading since both results are determined by the white noise and the location of the 1/f corner frequency. Current noise is measured in the circuit shown in Figure 6 and calculated by the following formula:
2 2 eno - 130nV * 101 in = 1M 101
) ()( ( )( )
100k 100 500k
1/ 2
LT1007 LT1037
eno
1007/37 F06
+
-
0.1
1 10 FREQUENCY (Hz)
100
1007/37F05b
LT1007/LT1037
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The LT1007/LT1037 achieve their low noise, in part, by operating the input stage at 120A versus the typical 10A of most other op amps. Voltage noise is inversely proportional while current noise is directly proportional to the square root of the input stage current. Therefore, the LT1007/LT1037's current noise will be relatively high. At low frequencies, the low 1/f current noise corner frequency (120Hz) minimizes current noise to some extent. In most practical applications, however, current noise will not limit system performance. This is illustrated in the Total Noise vs Source Resistance plot in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, where: Total Noise = [(voltage noise)2 + (current noise * RS)2 + (resistor noise)2]1/2 Three regions can be identified as a function of source resistance: (i) RS 400. Voltage noise dominates (ii) 400 RS 50k at 1kHz 400 RS 8k at 10Hz (iii) RS > 50k at 1kHz RS > 8k at 10Hz
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Gain 1000 Amplifier with 0.01% Accuracy, DC to 5Hz
340k 1% 15k 5% 15V 20k TRIM 1 TYPICAL PRECISION OP AMP
GAIN ERROR (%)
INPUT
THE HIGH GAIN AND WIDE BANDWIDTH OF THE LT1037 (AND LT1007) IS USEFUL IN LOW FREQUENCY, HIGH CLOSED-LOOP GAIN AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS. A TYPICAL PRECISION OP AMP MAY HAVE AN OPEN-LOOP GAIN OF ONE MILLION WITH 500kHz BANDWIDTH. AS THE GAIN ERROR PLOT SHOWS, THIS DEVICE IS CAPABLE OF 0.1% AMPLIFYING ACCURACY UP TO 0.3Hz ONLY. EVEN INSTRUMENTATION RANGE SIGNALS CAN VARY AT A FASTER RATE. THE LT1037'S "GAIN PRECISION-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT" IS 200 TIMES HIGHER AS SHOWN.
+
3
-
365 1%
2
7 6 LT1037 4 -15V 0.1 LT1007 OUTPUT
RN60C FILM RESISTORS
U
W
U
U
U
}
Resistor noise dominates
}
Current noise dominates
Clearly the LT1007/LT1037 should not be used in region (iii), where total system noise is at least six times higher than the voltage noise of the op amp, i.e., the low voltage noise specification is completely wasted.
Gain Error vs Frequency Closed-Loop Gain = 1000
LT1037 0.01
GAIN ERROR = 0.001 0.1
CLOSED-LOOP GAIN OPEN-LOOP GAIN 100
1007/37 TA03
1 10 FREQUENCY (Hz)
11
LT1007/LT1037
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Microvolt Comparator with Hysteresis
15V 100M 5% 7 8 LT1007 2 6 INPUT 3 365 1% 15k 1% OUTPUT
4 -15V
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE IS TYPICALLY CHANGED LESS THAN 5V DUE TO THE FEEDBACK.
1007/37 TA04
INPUT THE ADDITION OF THE LT1007 DOUBLES THE AMPLIFIER'S OUTPUT DRIVE TO 33mA. GAIN ACCURACY IS 0.02%, SLIGHTLY DEGRADED COMPARED TO ABOVE BECAUSE OF SELF-HEATING OF THE LT1037 UNDER LOAD.
Infrared Detector Preamplifier
15V
+
10F 1k 33 2N2219A 10 100F
+ +
100F 50mA 267* 100F 3 15V CHOPPED DETECTOR OUTPUT
+
IR RADIATION OPTICAL CHOPPER PHOTOCONDUCTIVE INFRARED DETECTOR HgCdTe type INFRA-RED ASSOCIATES, INC. 13 AT 77K 392* 2
*1% METAL FILM
1007/37 TA08
12
+
POSITIVE FEEDBACK TO ONE OF THE NULLING TERMINALS CREATES APPROXIMATELY 5V OF HYSTERESIS. OUTPUT CAN SINK 16mA.
3
-
2
6 LT1037
+ -
7 LT1007 4 -15V 6 OUTPUT TO DEMODULATOR 392k* SYNCHRONOUS
392*
+
-
365 1%
3
-
+
U
Precision Amplifier Drives 300 Load to 10V
340k 1% 20k 5% 10k TRIM
2
LT1007 15 5%
6 15 5% OUTPUT 10V RL 300
1007/37 TA05
LT1007/LT1037
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Phono Preamplifier Tape Head Amplifier
0.01F
15V
7.87k
100pF
6 LT1037
OUTPUT
ALL RESISTORS METAL FILM
47k
-15V
MAG PHONO INPUT
1007/37 TA06
SI PLIFIED SCHE ATIC
1 Q4 Q3 Q8 Q6 V - Q5 Q10 V- NONINVERTING INPUT (+) 3 Q13 2 INVERTING INPUT (-) Q11 Q12 Q15 Q16 Q23 Q24 500A C1 = 110pF FOR LT1007 C1 = 12pF FOR LT1037 240A 120A 200 6k 200 6k 50 V- 4
1007/37 SD
8
Q7
3.4k
3.4k
450A
750A
17k Q9
130pF
17k
1.2k
1.2k Q18
C1 Q27 20
Q17 Q19 Q20 750 Q25 Q26 Q1A Q1B Q2B V
+
Q2A 200 80pF V+ Q29 20pF Q30 Q22 20
+
W
+
3
4
TAPE HEAD INPUT
3
-
-
100
2
7
U
4.99k
0.01F 100k 0.033F
316k 100
2
LT1037
6
OUTPUT
ALL RESISTORS METAL FILM
1007/37 TA07
W
V+ 7 240A Q28
OUTPUT 6
13
LT1007/LT1037
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
0.040 (1.016) MAX
SEATING PLANE 0.010 - 0.045* (0.254 - 1.143) 0.016 - 0.021** (0.406 - 0.533)
45TYP 0.027 - 0.034 (0.686 - 0.864)
0.110 - 0.160 (2.794 - 4.064) INSULATING STANDOFF
CORNER LEADS OPTION (4 PLCS)
0.045 - 0.068 (1.143 - 1.727) FULL LEAD OPTION 0.300 BSC (0.762 BSC)
0.008 - 0.018 (0.203 - 0.457) 0.385 0.025 (9.779 0.635)
NOTE: LEAD DIMENSIONS APPLY TO SOLDER DIP/PLATE OR TIN PLATE LEADS.
14
U
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. H Package 8-Lead TO-5 Metal Can (0.200 PCD)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1320)
0.335 - 0.370 (8.509 - 9.398) DIA 0.305 - 0.335 (7.747 - 8.509) 0.050 (1.270) MAX GAUGE PLANE 0.165 - 0.185 (4.191 - 4.699) REFERENCE PLANE 0.500 - 0.750 (12.700 - 19.050)
0.027 - 0.045 (0.686 - 1.143)
0.200 (5.080) TYP
*LEAD DIAMETER IS UNCONTROLLED BETWEEN THE REFERENCE PLANE AND 0.045" BELOW THE REFERENCE PLANE 0.016 - 0.024 **FOR SOLDER DIP LEAD FINISH, LEAD DIAMETER IS (0.406 - 0.610)
H8(TO-5) 0.200 PCD 0595
J8 Package 8-Lead CERDIP (Narrow 0.300, Hermetic)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1110)
0.405 (10.287) MAX 8 7 6 5
0.005 (0.127) MIN
0.023 - 0.045 (0.584 - 1.143) HALF LEAD OPTION
0.025 (0.635) RAD TYP 1 2 3
0.220 - 0.310 (5.588 - 7.874)
4
0.200 (5.080) MAX 0.015 - 0.060 (0.381 - 1.524)
0 - 15
0.045 - 0.068 (1.143 - 1.727) 0.014 - 0.026 (0.360 - 0.660)
0.125 3.175 0.100 0.010 MIN (2.540 0.254)
J8 0694
LT1007/LT1037
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
0.300 - 0.325 (7.620 - 8.255)
0.009 - 0.015 (0.229 - 0.381)
(
+0.025 0.325 -0.015 +0.635 8.255 -0.381
)
*THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm)
0.010 - 0.020 x 45 (0.254 - 0.508) 0.008 - 0.010 (0.203 - 0.254) 0- 8 TYP
0.016 - 0.050 0.406 - 1.270 *DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE **DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
U
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. N8 Package 8-Lead PDIP (Narrow 0.300)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1510)
0.400* (10.160) MAX 8 7 6 5
0.255 0.015* (6.477 0.381)
1
2
3
4 0.130 0.005 (3.302 0.127)
0.045 - 0.065 (1.143 - 1.651)
0.065 (1.651) TYP 0.005 (0.127) MIN 0.100 0.010 (2.540 0.254) 0.125 (3.175) MIN 0.018 0.003 (0.457 0.076) 0.015 (0.380) MIN
N8 0695
S8 Package 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow 0.150)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1610)
0.189 - 0.197* (4.801 - 5.004) 8 7 6 5
0.228 - 0.244 (5.791 - 6.197)
0.150 - 0.157** (3.810 - 3.988)
1
2
3
4
0.053 - 0.069 (1.346 - 1.752)
0.004 - 0.010 (0.101 - 0.254)
0.014 - 0.019 (0.355 - 0.483)
0.050 (1.270) BSC
SO8 0695
15
LT1007/LT1037
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Strain Gauge Signal Conditioner with Bridge Excitation
5k 2.5V 3
+ -
LT1009 2
LT1007 4 -7.5V REFERENCE OUT
350 BRIDGE 3 301k*
7.5V
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER LT1028 LT1115 LT1124/LT1125 LT1126/LT1127 LT1498/LT1499 DESCRIPTION Ultralow Noise Precision Op Amp Ultralow Noise, Low distortion Audio Op Amp Dual/Quad Low Noise, High Speed Precision Op Amps Dual/Quad Decompensated Low Noise, High Speed Precision Op Amps 10MHz, 5V/s, Dual/Quad Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Precision C-LoadTM Op Amps COMMENTS Lowest Noise 0.85mV/Hz 0.002% THD, Max Noise 1.2mV/Hz Similar to LT1007 Similar to LT1037
C-Load is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
16
Linear Technology Corporation
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417q (408)432-1900 FAX: (408) 434-0507q TELEX: 499-3977 q www.linear-tech.com
+
3
-
2
LT1007 4 -7.5V
U
7 7
7.5V
6
15V
+ -
7 LT1007 6 OUTPUT 0V TO 10V 1F 301k*
ZERO TRIM 10k
2
4 -15V
6
*RN60C FILM RESISTOR
GAIN TRIM 50k
499*
THE LT1007 IS CAPABLE OF PROVIDING EXCITATION CURRENT DIRECTLY TO BIAS THE 350 BRIDGE AT 5V. WITH ONLY 5V ACROSS THE BRIDGE (AS OPPOSED TO THE USUAL 10V) TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION AND BRIDGE WARM-UP DRIFT IS REDUCED. THE BRIDGE OUTPUT SIGNAL IS HALVED, BUT THE LT1007 CAN AMPLIFY THE REDUCED SIGNAL ACCURATELY.
1007/37 TA09
100737fa LT/TP 0297 5K REV A * PRINTED IN USA
(c) LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1985

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